Blog
Free, practical writing on OCD, anxiety and what therapy is actually like. Everything here is written by me, and you're welcome to use it whether or not we ever work together.
Browse by difficulty. Select a category below.
All articles
124 articles
When your family has started managing you
What usually brings someone to therapy for anger is seeing it in someone else's face, rather than the anger itself. Here is what that means, and what to do next.
Why anger goes from nought to everything in seconds
If your temper seems to skip every stage between calm and shouting, the stages are still there. Here is how to find them, and where the choice still exists.
Anxiety is your threat system doing its job too well
Anxiety is an alarm built for real danger, firing at things that are not dangerous. It is not weakness or a broken mind. Understanding the system is the start of resetting it.
Does online therapy work for anxiety?
Online CBT matches in-person outcomes for anxiety. For some kinds of anxiety it works better, because the work happens where the problem lives.
The short-term relief that keeps anxiety going
Checking, avoiding, preparing, reassurance. Each one makes you feel better right now. Each one teaches your alarm that the danger was real. This is the loop CBT interrupts.
What happens in a first CBT session for anxiety
Not knowing what therapy involves is itself a reason people put it off. Here is what the first sessions actually contain, from the assessment to the first thing you try.
The video work in social anxiety therapy
Seeing yourself on video is the part of social anxiety treatment people dread most, and the part they most often describe afterwards as the moment something shifted.
The post-mortem after social events, and why it hurts
The replaying afterwards is where social anxiety does a lot of its damage. Here is what the post-mortem is actually doing, and how CBT stops it rewriting the evening.
Social anxiety: the habits that feel like they save you
Gripping the glass, over-preparing, rushing your sentences, having a drink first. Each safety behaviour feels like it got you through. Each stops you finding out you did not need it.
Is it shyness or social anxiety?
Shyness is a temperament. Social anxiety is a condition that shrinks your life, one declined invitation at a time. Here is how to tell which one you are dealing with.
Why desire does not survive being monitored
You cannot feel anything for your partner any more, and you have taken that as the answer. Testing for a response is close to the most reliable way to abolish one. It returns when the checking stops.
SO-OCD runs in every direction, and that is the tell
Straight people get it about being gay. Gay and bisexual people get it about being straight, or not gay enough. If this were about orientation it would not be so indifferent to the answer.
Understanding Mindfulness in Therapy
Several therapies, including MBCT, MBSR and ACT, are built around mindfulness. What it means, and how it helps.
Replaying your whole history for the moment that proves it
A crush at fourteen. A dream. Something you once found funny. Reviewing your past for evidence of who you are is a compulsion, and it cannot succeed, because the past was not a test either.
Finding the Right Therapist for You
How to choose a therapist: what to ask yourself, which professional registers to check, and what to expect from a first session.
SO-OCD: isn't this just denial?
It is a fair question, and it is exactly the one the OCD wants you to spend your life on. The two can be told apart, and a therapist comfortable with any outcome is the person to do it with.
The rules you live by, and what they cost
Never let anyone down. Always be useful. Do not take up space. The rules keep the belief underneath from ever being tested, and they are quietly expensive. Here is how to test them one at a time.
The inner critic: where the voice came from
Not good enough. Fraud. Everyone else finds this easier. You would not speak to a friend the way you speak to yourself. The voice has a tone and an origin, and both can be worked with.
Low self-esteem: the evidence you never let yourself count
Compliments slide off. Criticism sticks for years. Good outcomes get reassigned to luck. Low self-esteem is a system for discarding evidence, not a shortage of it.
Imposter syndrome is usually low self-esteem at work
Success gets attributed to luck. The fear of being found out grows with every promotion. Imposter feelings are the workplace face of a belief that was formed long before the job.
Scrupulosity: asking your priest once is fine, twice is not
Clergy are the right people to ask about your obligations. The problem is what happens next: the answer settles you for a day, and then you are back with a reworded version of the question.
Moral OCD without religion: auditing your own goodness
You do not believe in sin and you are still on trial. The moral version of scrupulosity runs the same audit of whether you are a good person, with no tradition and no ruling to settle it.
Scrupulosity: is it devotion or a compulsion?
Two people can say the same prayer. For one it is devotion, for the other a ritual performed until it comes out clean. The difference is function, not faith, and most clergy will tell you the same.
Blasphemous thoughts during prayer
An obscene image in the service, a blasphemy in the prayer, arriving exactly where it would do most damage. OCD goes after what you hold most carefully.
Relationship OCD: what if my doubts are real?
Every relationship involves real doubts sometimes. ROCD doubts behave differently. Here is how to tell them apart, and why therapy will not make the decision for you.
Should my partner know about my relationship OCD?
Telling the person your doubts are about that you have doubts feels impossible. Here is how confession and reassurance fit into ROCD, and how partners can help without feeding it.
Do I really love them? The question relationship OCD asks
The relationship might be good. The doubting is destroying your enjoyment of it. Relationship OCD turns the ordinary ambiguity of love into a threat that must be resolved.
Checking your feelings: why monitoring love makes it vanish
Turning attention on a feeling to check it is there always dampens it. In relationship OCD, the checking manufactures the very absence it is afraid of.
Why the memory gets blurrier the more you check it
You started with a confident version. Now the details drift and the haze reads as guilt. Memory is reconstructive in everyone, and under inspection it behaves as if you have something to hide.
Real event OCD: what if I really did do something wrong?
Therapy is not a laundering service. If you did something you regret, that has a route: acknowledgement, repair, living differently. That route is finite. Reviewing it ten thousand times is not.
Real event OCD: should I just confess to get it over with?
Telling your partner, or the person involved, feels like the honest way out. Confession usually works as a compulsion here: relief for an evening, and a new person to seek reassurance from.
Real event OCD: is it OCD or a guilty conscience?
A conscience produces an action and then quietens. OCD produces investigation that never concludes. Telling them apart is by what the guilt does, not what it is about.
Putting off rest as well as work
If you avoid the task and also cannot let yourself stop, you spend the day in a third state that is neither working nor resting. Underneath is the belief that rest must be earned.
Procrastination is not a time management problem
Productivity systems keep failing because they solve the wrong problem. Putting things off is about avoiding a feeling, and the relief of avoiding it is what trains the habit.
Perfectionism: the fear that stops you starting
High standards get work finished. Perfectionism stops it from starting. If a mediocre first draft feels unbearable, that is the belief keeping the tab open and the page blank.
Could my procrastination be ADHD?
Sometimes putting things off is anxiety wearing a disguise. Sometimes it is lifelong difficulty starting and finishing that deserves proper assessment. Here is how the pictures differ.
What the first session for POCD is actually like
The fear of saying it is the thing that keeps people from starting. Here is what the first session involves, at whose pace, and what happens to the thing you say.
POCD: the OCD theme almost nobody says out loud
Unwanted sexual thoughts about children, in someone horrified by them, are one of the most recognised themes in OCD. The silence around it lets it grow. Here is what it is and what it is not.
The groinal response: why a physical sensation proves nothing
The single most common reason people with POCD conclude the worst is a flicker of sensation when they checked. Anxious attention aimed at the body produces sensation there, in anyone, about anything.
POCD: should I stay away from children until I know I am safe?
Avoiding your own children feels like the responsible thing. It is the compulsion keeping this going, and it spreads. Getting ordinary family life back is the goal, carefully and at your pace.
Why knowing the risk is small does not help a phobia
You already know flying is safe and the dog is friendly. The knowledge makes no difference in the moment, because fear does not run on facts. Here is what it runs on, and what changes it.
The embarrassment of having a phobia as an adult
Adults with a phobia often apologise for it before they have finished describing it. Fear of needles or dogs is not childish, it is common, and it has nothing to do with courage.
Needle and blood phobia: why you faint, and what helps
Fainting at the sight of blood is a reflex, a real drop in blood pressure, and it is why this phobia is treated slightly differently from every other.
Fear of flying with a flight already booked
A wedding abroad, a work trip, a holiday you could not refuse. A deadline concentrates the mind, and it usually helps treatment rather than hindering it. Here is what can be done in the time.
Perinatal OCD: what kind of parent thinks that?
Intrusive thoughts about harm coming to a baby are reported by the great majority of new parents. What makes it a condition is everything you have started doing about the thought.
Is it OCD, postnatal depression, or something more urgent?
Three things can happen in the year after a birth that look alike from the outside and need different responses. Here is how they differ, and which one cannot wait for an appointment.
Having therapy with a baby in the room
Getting to an appointment with a newborn is its own obstacle, and it keeps many parents from starting. Online sessions with the baby present, feeding allowed, are how this work actually happens.
Checking they are breathing, and handing over bath time
The checking and the avoiding feel like care. Each buys a moment of relief and teaches your brain the danger was real. Getting bath time back is the goal, gradually and with no risk to your baby.
Why panic attacks happen at night, or when you finally relax
Panic with no obvious trigger convinces people something physical must be wrong. It is the same mechanism: panic needs a sensation to misread, and quiet moments are when you notice your body.
Why panic attacks feel like an emergency
Your heart pounds, your chest tightens, and you are certain something catastrophic is happening. Panic runs on one specific, identifiable mistake, and that is why it is so treatable.
Getting back the places panic took from you
The motorway, the supermarket, the train. Avoidance grows quietly until life is small. Getting the places back is usually the goal people care about most, in steps you control.
Breathing exercises are not the treatment for panic
Used to calm yourself, breathing techniques help briefly. Used to prevent catastrophe, they become another safety behaviour and keep the fear alive. Here is the difference.
Checking OCD: the more you check, the less you trust your memory
Is the door locked? You check, feel briefly sure, and the doubt seeps back. Checking runs on a cruel irony, and understanding it is the start of leaving the house on time.
Why watching your own control makes it feel precarious
Checking whether you still feel in control is the compulsion at the centre of this theme. Attention aimed at control makes control feel unsteady, in anyone, like thinking hard about swallowing.
What if I jumped? The call of the void and OCD
The urge to jump from a height is reported by roughly half of people with no mental health problem at all. The thought is universal; what makes it OCD is what happens next.
Intrusive urges to jump: are they suicidal thoughts?
An intrusive urge to jump horrifies you and you want it gone. Suicidal thinking involves wanting, however ambivalently, to die. They are different, often confused, and the distinction matters.
Getting the platform and the kitchen back
Standing back, gripping harder, moving the knives. Every precaution confirms the fear. Dismantling them is done deliberately, in an order you agree to, never by forcing yourself to the edge.
Jealousy: why asking them again only helps for an hour
The reassurance is real and it never lasts. Questioning your partner is a compulsion, and withdrawing it, kindly and by agreement, is one of the most effective parts of treatment.
Telling real betrayal from jealousy that is out of proportion
If your partner has been unfaithful, that is a real problem with real evidence, not a symptom. If the jealousy runs on doubt that no evidence settles, it is treatable. Assessment tells them apart.
Retroactive jealousy: when the doubt is about their past
Their history is not a threat to the present, and yet you cannot stop searching it. The compulsions are the same as any jealousy, and the answers help for an hour.
Jealousy that runs on doubt, not evidence
You already know it is out of proportion, and the knowing does not touch it. That is the clue: this is not about evidence. It runs on the same engine as OCD.
Why pushing a thought away makes it louder
Suppressing an intrusive thought feels like the obvious response. It is the one thing guaranteed to keep the thought in place. Here is why, and what works instead.
What Pure O actually is, and why it goes unrecognised
OCD with no visible rituals is still OCD. The compulsions are mental, which is why Pure O can run for years before anyone, including you, names it.
Everyone has intrusive thoughts. Why do yours stick?
Intrusive thoughts are universal. OCD is not having them but how hard your brain fights them, and the fighting is what turns a passing thought into one that will not leave.
Do I have to tell my therapist the exact thoughts?
The fear of saying the thought out loud keeps many people with intrusive-thought OCD from ever starting. Here is what actually happens in the room, and at whose pace.
Identity OCD: is this imposter syndrome or something else?
Imposter feelings are about competence and ease as evidence piles up. Identity OCD is about character, never eases, and re-examines evidence in your favour until it stops counting.
I read about narcissism at 1am and recognised myself
Diagnostic criteria are written broadly and read personally. Most people find themselves in them. The recognising is a compulsion in its own right, and one of the first we take out.
Checking whether you felt anything at the funeral
Examining your own emotions for whether they are the right size and the right kind is a compulsion, and it produces the numbness it is looking for. Feeling cannot survive being audited.
Am I actually a good person? The question nobody can answer
Character is not a hidden fact waiting to be uncovered by rigorous self-examination. Nobody has ever verified their own goodness. Everyone else is not trying to.
Why googling your symptoms makes health anxiety worse
The search is meant to settle it. Instead it teaches your brain the danger was worth checking for, and the doubt comes back louder. Here is the loop and the way out.
Health anxiety: what if there really is something wrong?
The fear that therapy means ignoring a real illness stops many people starting. Here is where the line sits between sensible care and the checking that never ends.
Health anxiety and OCD: close cousins, same engine
Both run on doubt, checking and reassurance that never lasts. Understanding health anxiety as OCD's close relative explains why the usual advice fails and what works.
Body scanning: the health-anxiety check you do not notice
Searching and asking are the obvious checks. The constant background scan of your own body is the one that runs all day, and it is the one that finds the most to worry about.
What if I snap? The fear at the centre of harm OCD
The thought of hurting someone you love, and the terror that you might, is the OCD theme people find hardest to say out loud. Here is what is actually happening.
Hiding the knives: how avoidance keeps harm OCD alive
Never alone with the baby. Knives in a locked drawer. Each precaution feels responsible and each confirms to your brain that the danger was real. Here is the way back.
Harm OCD as a new parent: the thoughts nobody warns you about
Intrusive thoughts of harming your baby are among the most common and least talked about experiences of new parenthood. Here is what they mean and what they do not.
Harm OCD and the search through memory
What if I already hurt someone and do not remember? Reviewing the past for proof of what you might be is a compulsion, and it never finds the certainty it is looking for.
Worry at bedtime: getting your nights back
The lights go out and the mind starts its shift. Bedtime worry is where generalised anxiety does its worst damage, and sleep hygiene leaflets are not the answer.
Why worry moves from one subject to the next
You settle one worry and it lands on the next. If there is always a subject available, the problem is the process, and the process does not care what it is about.
Real problems and what-ifs: telling them apart
Your worries are usually about real things. That does not mean worrying is the right response. Here is how CBT separates a problem you can act on from a what-if you cannot.
Does worrying actually keep bad things away?
Most chronic worriers believe, somewhere, that the worrying is what prevents disaster. It is the belief that keeps the whole loop running, and it can be tested.
Existential OCD: telling rumination apart from thinking
The compulsion in existential OCD looks exactly like serious thought. Catching it in the first few seconds is most of the early work, and most people are surprised how much of their day it was.
Existential OCD: isn't this just being a deep thinker?
Plenty of people find these questions fascinating and sleep fine. The difference is the dread, the compulsion to resolve it, and the hours it takes. Curiosity can be put down.
Everything feels unreal: derealisation explained
The world has gone flat, or you are watching yourself from behind. Derealisation is a known anxiety response. It is produced by the checking, and it eases when the checking stops.
Avoiding funerals, documentaries and the night sky
Existential OCD narrows the world quietly: no death conversations, no physics videos, no looking up. Getting the avoided things back is part of treatment, gradually and by agreement.
Emetophobia: why monitoring your stomach always finds something
Anxiety produces nausea. Scanning your stomach for signs of illness will always find something, and what it finds is anxiety. Separating the two is usually the turning point.
The rules you built around never being sick
No eating before travel. Sit near the exit. Avoid the school run in winter. Emetophobia's rules multiply quietly for years, and most people have never told anyone what they are really about.
Emetophobia and pregnancy
For some people the fear of being sick decides whether they have children, or makes a wanted pregnancy a year of terror. It is treatable, and pregnancy is a reason to treat it, not a reason to wait.
Emetophobia: decades of hiding it, and why that is not a barrier
The fear of being sick usually starts in childhood and is easy to hide, so many people reach their forties before mentioning it. How long it has been there matters far less than you think.
Trauma: why your body reacts as if it is still happening
You know it is over. Your body does not. A traumatic memory stored in the wrong way keeps firing as present danger, and that is what EMDR is designed to change.
EMDR: what stabilisation means, and why we do not rush
People arrive wanting to process the memory in the first session. The early work is building the ground to process it from, and for long histories that takes longer. Here is why.
Trauma that does not meet the PTSD label
You might not have flashbacks or a diagnosis. You might have one memory that still lands, or years of experiences that shaped how you react. EMDR is not only for PTSD.
Do I have to talk about the trauma in detail?
The fear of having to narrate what happened, week after week, stops many people getting help. EMDR asks for far less retelling than you expect, and the early sessions are about stability.
When being 'good' with food has crossed a line
Discipline, clean eating, willpower. The behaviours that are quietly costing you get complimented all day, which makes it unusually hard to notice when something has changed.
The restrict-binge cycle, and why willpower is not the answer
Bingeing is usually preceded by restriction, and the restriction is a response to the last binge. Once the cycle rather than willpower is the target, it is one of the most treatable patterns.
Do I need a specialist eating disorder service, or therapy?
Some eating difficulties need a specialist team and medical monitoring. Some sit inside anxiety, OCD or low self-esteem and respond to individual CBT. Here is how the line is drawn.
Body checking: the verdict you deliver every morning
Scales, mirrors, waistbands, pinching, photographs. Checking is meant to give you information about your body. What it gives you is a judgement, and the judgement runs the day.
Depression: the feeling follows the doing, not the other way round
Depression tells you to wait until you feel like it. The evidence says the feeling comes after the activity. Behavioural activation is why the early weeks of treatment are small and practical.
Depression: protecting against the next episode
Depression has a habit of returning. Knowing what preceded this one, what your own early signs look like, and having a plan you would actually follow when unwell is part of the treatment.
Low mood after having a baby
Flatness, exhaustion, and not feeling what everyone said you would feel. Postnatal depression is common, treatable, and not a verdict on you as a parent. Here is how it is recognised and worked with.
Is it depression or burnout?
They overlap, and so does the treatment, but they are not the same. Burnout lifts with real rest and a changed workload. Depression usually does not. Telling them apart changes where the effort goes.
Contamination OCD: the relief is the trap
Every wash teaches your brain that the danger was real. That is why the washing never feels finished, and why the treatment works on the relief rather than the germs.
Mental contamination: feeling dirty that no shower reaches
A memory, an image, a person, a moral trigger, and suddenly you feel tainted. No contact, nothing on the skin, and the feeling is as real as any germ. It is OCD, and it is treatable.
Is it contamination OCD or just being careful?
Everyone washes their hands. The line is not the behaviour but what drives it, whether it goes past the point of function, and whether the list of unsafe things keeps growing.
ERP for contamination OCD: what actually happens
People picture being made to touch a toilet in the first session. That is not what exposure and response prevention is. Here is how the ladder is built, and who sets the pace.
Mental checking: replaying the day for the mistake
Re-reading the message, reviewing the conversation, replaying the drive. Checking without the walking back is still checking, and it responds to the same treatment.
Leaving the house in under twenty minutes again
Small between-session experiments, designed around your actual routines, are where most of the change in checking OCD happens. Here is what the first few weeks look like in practice.
But what if I really did leave the oven on?
The question that keeps the checking going has an honest answer: sometimes people do, and they handle it. Treatment is about carrying ordinary uncertainty, not becoming careless.
Relationships that run hot: too close, then too far
Someone becomes everything very quickly, and then a late reply feels like proof they are leaving. The pattern has a logic, and the logic can be worked with.
I was given an EUPD diagnosis and nobody explained it
EUPD, BPD, emotionally unstable, borderline. If the label arrived like a verdict with no explanation, here is what it does and does not mean.
Is individual therapy enough for EUPD?
DBT and MBT are team programmes with the strongest evidence. One therapist working individually can help some people and not others. Here is how I tell the difference.
Feelings that arrive at full volume and take hours to fall
When other people reset in minutes and you take the rest of the day, it is usually because nobody taught the nervous system how to come down.
Should I have cosmetic surgery if I might have BDD?
If you are considering a procedure for a feature you cannot stop thinking about, it is worth pausing first. Here is the view I would give anyone who asked me.
Mirror checking: why looking closer never settles it
In BDD, checking the mirror is meant to settle the question. It does the opposite. How you look at yourself is doing more damage than how you look.
Is it BDD or vanity? How to tell the difference
Spending hours on your appearance can look like vanity from the outside. Body dysmorphic disorder is close to the opposite, and the difference changes what helps.
How CBT for BDD works: attention and safety behaviours
CBT for body dysmorphic disorder works on where your attention goes and on the behaviours that keep the belief alive, not on arguing about how you look.
Bipolar disorder: the time between episodes
Services focus on crisis. What is left is the ordinary work of a job, relationships and a diagnosis other people have opinions about. That is where therapy earns its place.
Why sleep and routine are treatment in bipolar disorder
In most conditions, sleep advice is a footnote. In bipolar disorder, sleep loss is one of the most reliable triggers for elevation, which makes routine part of the medicine.
Rebuilding after a bipolar episode
Episodes leave real consequences, and the shame afterwards can be heavier than the episode itself. Repairing what can be repaired is often the most useful part of therapy.
Am I happy, or is this the start of something?
Second-guessing your own mood is one of the most exhausting parts of living with bipolar disorder. Here is how a personal map of early warning signs makes it easier.
Why standard CBT did not work for you as an autistic adult
If therapy felt too fast, too inferential and too keen on naming feelings in the moment, the problem was probably the delivery, and the delivery can change.
Masking: the cost of running a translation layer all day
If you get through the day by constantly translating yourself for other people, the tiredness at the end of it is the bill.
Late autism diagnosis: re-reading your own history
Finding out you are autistic as an adult means revisiting every old label. Too sensitive, difficult, lazy. A lot of what looked like failure was load.
Autistic burnout: why rest alone is not fixing it
You have taken time off and slept, and you are still empty. Autistic burnout recovers when the load comes down, not just when the hours in bed go up.
Take the first step
A free consultation — no pressure, just a conversation to see how I can help.
What clients say
Working with Gisela is one of the best decisions I have ever made. I was incredibly nervous explaining my experiences with OCD over the phone when I had my initial consultation with her but from that very moment, I knew I had chosen the right therapist to work with.
Gisela was able to fit me in for my first one to one session at the Sanctuary within a week and although I was very nervous Gisela put me at ease immediately.
The Sanctuary is a beautiful building, and the therapy room is calming and welcoming, it is also conveniently situated on a main road with ample parking.